Acute and Chronic Bronchitis - Definition, Causes, Symptoms and Prevention
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs. The bronchial tubes have a function to channel air to and from the heart. There are two types of bronchitis, namely; acute bronchitis and chronic bronchitis.
General conditions of acute bronchitis often develop from colds and other respiratory infections. Acute bronchitis usually improves within a few days without leaving any effect, although the cough may continue in a few weeks.
While chronic bronchitis is a more serious condition, this condition is a constant irritation or inflammation of the bronchial tubes and is often caused by smoking. Chronic bronchitis is one of the conditions associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Causes Bronchitis
Acute bronchitis
Cold viruses often cause acute bronchitis. But may also be non-infectious bronchitis due to exposure to cigarette smoke and other pollutants such as dust.
Bronchitis can also occur when stomach acid rises into the esophagus often, this condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). And workers exposed to dust or particular fumes, can suffer bronchitis. Acute bronchitis usually disappear when no longer exposed to irritants.
Chronic bronchitis
Sometimes the inflammation and bronchial wall thickening pipe become permanent - a condition known as chronic bronchitis. Experiencing chronic bronchitis if cough every day, which was lost after three months of the year in two consecutive years.
Unlike acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis persists and is a serious disease. Smoking is the biggest cause, but air pollution and dust or toxic gases in the environment or workplace also can contribute to this disease.
Symptoms of Acute and Chronic Bronchitis
Treatment for bronchitis focuses on relieving symptoms and facilitate airway.
Here are some of the symptoms of acute and chronic bronchitis:
- Cough
- The presence of mucus, either colorless, white or greenish yellow
- Shortness of breath, worsening even while exerting little effort
- Shortness of breath
- Tired
- Mild fever and chills
- Discomfort in the chest
Signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis include:
- A cough that worsens in the morning and in damp weather
- Frequent respiratory infections (such as colds and flu) with productive cough worsens
Prevention of Bronchitis
The actions that can help reduce the risk of bronchitis and protect the lungs in general are:
- Avoid smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke.
- Avoid those who are sick colds or flu.
- Wash hands regularly.
- Use a mask to reduce the risk of infection.
Anxiety Definition:
An uneasy feeling that is not clear from the discomfort or fear accompanied by autonomic response (non-specific sources or unknown by people); feelings of concern because of the anticipation of danger. This signal is a warning of the impending threat and allows the individual to take steps to agree on action.
Anxiety Disorders related to Chronic Bronchitis
Anxiety related to critical illness, fear of death or disability, the changing role of the social environment or permanent disability.
Characterized by:
- Restless
- Insomnia
- Restless
- Fear
- Sad
- Focus on self
- Concerns
- Anxiety
NOC:
- Anxiety control
- Coping
- Impulse control
Expected outcomes:
- Clients are able to identify and express symptoms of anxiety.
- Identify, express and demonstrate a technique to control anxiety.
- Vital signs within normal limits.
- Posture, facial expressions, body language and level of activity showed reduced anxiety.
NIC:
Anxiety Reduction (decrease anxiety)
- Use a calming approach.
- State clearly the expectations of the patient's behavior.
- Explain all procedures and what is felt during the procedure.
- Understand the perspective of the patient to stressful situations.
- Accompany the patient to provide security and reduce fear.
- Provide factual information about the diagnosis, prognosis action.
- Encourage the family to accompany the child.
- Make a back / neck rub.
- Listen attentively.
- Identify levels of anxiety.
- Help the patient recognize situations that cause anxiety.
- Encourage the patient to express feelings, fears, perceptions.
- Instruct the patient to use relaxation techniques.
- Give medication to reduce anxiety.
