Disturbances in The Respiratory System

Disturbances in the fulfillment of oxygen can not be separated from a disturbance that occurs in both the anatomy of the respiratory system and the physiology of the organs of respiration.

Disorders of the respiratory system can be caused them because of inflammation, obstruction, trauma, cancer, degenerative, and others. Tersebu disruption will cause the body's oxygen needs are not met adequately. Broadly speaking, respiratory disorders are grouped into three. namely:

1. Rhythm / Respiratory Frequency Disturbances

a. Respiratory rhythm disorders, among others:

• Cheyne-Stokes breathing is respiratory cycle amplitude is initially shallow, the ride then continues to drop and stop. Then respiratory cycle starts again with the new. This type of breathing usually occurs on the client congestive heart failure, increased intracranial pressure, drug overdose. However, physiologically, the type of breathing is mainly found in people at an altitude of 12,000-15,000 feet above sea level and at the baby while sleeping.
• Biot's breathing is similar to breathing Cheyne-Stokes respiration, but the amplitude is flat and accompanied by apnea, respiratory state is sometimes found in inflammatory disease of the lining of the brain.
• Kussmaul breathing is breathing increases the amount and depth often exceeds 20 times / min. This type of breathing can be found on the client with metabolic acidosis and renal failure.

b. Impaired respiratory frequency

• Tachypnea / hypercapnia, ie the number of respiratory frequency was increased above the normal breathing frequency.
• Bradipnea, which is the opposite of tachypnea where the number decreased respiratory frequency under normal respiratory rate.

2. Respiratory Insufficiency

The cause of respiratory insufficiency can be divided into 3 groups:
a. Conditions that cause alveolar hypoventilation.
b. Abnormalities of pulmonary diffusion capacity decrease.
c. Conditions that can affect the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.


3. Hypoxia.

Hypoxia is a lack of oxygen in tissues, the term is more appropriate than anoxia. Because rare no oxygen at all in the tissue. Hypoxia can be divided into groups:

• Hypoxemia.
• Hypokinetic hypoxia
• Overventilation hypoxia.
• Histotoxic hypoxia.